Описание: Essaouira is a touristic and windy city in the western Morocco. Essaouira's bay has long been considered as one of the best anchorages of the Moroccan coast since partially sheltered by the island of Mogador, making it a peaceful harbor protected against strong marine winds. During the 16th century, various powers including Spain, England, the Netherlands and France tried in vain to conquer the locality. Essaouira remained a haven for the export of sugar, molasses and the anchoring of pirates. The present city of Essaouira was only built during the 18th century. Mohammed III directed a French engineer, Theodore Cornut, who had been captured and enslaved, and several other European architects and technicians, to build the fortress and city along modern lines. Originally called "Souira", "The small fortress", the name then became "Es-Saouira", "The beautifully designed". The city flourished until the caravan trade died, outmoded by direct European trade with sub-Saharan Africa. The Medina of Essaouira (formerly "Mogador") is a UNESCO World Heritage Listed city, as an example of a late 18th century fortified town, as transferred to North Africa.
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